* Metadata of the article in the English version is available in full starting in 2016.

Polymeric fire extinguishing means for fire extinguishing in electric installations under voltage

UDC 614.841.1:614.841.3/4
Authors Bogdanova Valentina Vladimirovna, Grand PhD in Chemical Sciences, Researcher
Tikhonov Maksim Mikhaylovich, PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Mamedov Anar Mikhmanovich
Abstract Purpose. The results of researches of influence of system retardants on physical, chemical, fire-blocking and fire-extinguishing properties of the composite material is based on expandable polyurethane foam brand «Izolan-125», which is a promising material as agent limits the spread of fire on cable mines civil buildings, as well as the fire-extinguishing agent for extinguishing fires of different classes.
Methods. In research were used: method of complete factorial experiment, the method of differential scanning calorimetry, complex thermal, spectrophotometric and variance analyses, electron microscopy.
Findings. This paper presents new experimental data on the development and adjustment method of full factorial experiment of the formulation of retarder of burning, thereby creating a flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam brand «Izolan-125» with a satisfactory reactivity and physical and chemical properties. Series of tests showed the presence of flame retardant effect. The flame retardant polyurethane foam can be used for extinguishing fires in electrical installations under voltage.
Application field of research. The obtained experimental data on the mechanism of action of the investigated retardants allow a directed approach to the development of flame retardants for polyurethane foams of different brands.
Conclusions. Designed in flameproof polyurethane foam, material has relatively lower costs than other extinguishing agents, indicating a higher fire-extinguishing efficiency. Along with the advantage of condensed foam in comparison with liquid formulations, it shows high dielectric characteristics, which opens the possibility of applying the flame retardant material designed to extinguish fires in electrical installations under voltage.
Keywords polyurethane, ammonium phosphates, flame retardant, extinguishing of fires, fire extinguishing ability, dielectric properties
  References
1. Weil R.D., Levchik S.V. Commercial flame retardancy of polyurethanes. J. Fire Sci. 2004. No. 22. Pp. 183-210..
2. Luchkina L.V., Rud' D.A., Rudakova T.A., Suhov A.V. Vlijanie koncentracii antipirena i himicheskoj struktury zhestkih penopoliuretanov na ih pozharoopasnost'. Polimernye materialy ponizhennoj gorjuchesti: tr. VI mezhdunar. konf., Vologda, 14-18 maja 2011. Vologda, 2011. Pp. 43-45. (rus).
3. Cyganova E.A. Oksijetilendifosfonovaja kislota, ee aminnye soli i angidrid bornoj i fosfonovoj kislot, kak antipireny dlja zhestkih penopoliuretanov: avtoref. dis.kand. him. nauk: 02.00.06. KGTU. Kazan', 2001. 16 p. (rus).
4. Feske E.F., Brown W.R. Flame retardant pentane blown polyisocyanurate foams for roofing. Polyurethane. 2002. Pp. 32-40..
5. Suchkov V.P., Mol'kov A.A. Tehnologija proizvodstva trudnogorjuchego penopoliuretana s ispol'zovaniem fosfogipsa. Izv. vuzov. Str-vo. 2009. No. 6. Pp. 25-29. (rus).
6. Dement'ev A.G., Drozdova T.Ju., Bolduzev A.I. Vlijanie starenija na gorjuchest' jelastichnogo PPU s trihlorjetilfosfatom. Plast. massy. 1987. No. 2. Pp. 50-51. (rus).
7. Flameretardants for flexible polyurethane foam. Rubber World. 2006. Vol. 234, No. 7. Pp. 11..
8. Maujerer O. Fosfororganicheskie antipireny LANXESS. Plastiks. 2009. No. 4. Pp. 18-19. (rus).
9. Kuznecova V.P., Laskovenko N.N., Zapunnaja L.V. Kremnijorganicheskie poliuretany. Kiev: Naukova dumka. 1981. 220 p. (rus).
10. Mol'kov A.A. Negorjuchij gipsonapolnennyj penopoliuretan. 11 Nizhegorodskaja sessija molodyh uchenyh. Tehnicheskie nauki: Materialy dokladov, Dzerzhinsk, 12-16 fevr. 2006 g. Nizhegor. gos. un-t; redkol. O.V. Gladkova [i dr.]. Dzerzhinsk, 2006. Pp. 71-72. (rus).
11. Sposob poluchenija penopoliuretanov. Poisk patentov i izobretenij, zaregistrirovannyh v RF i SSSR [Jelektronnyj resurs]. 2009. Available at: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/212/2129127.html (accessed: April 21,2009). (rus).
12. Trudnogorjuchij kompozicionnyj material na osnove termoplastov. Patenty Rossii, 2009. Available at: http://ru-patent.info/21/45-49/2147593.html (accessed: April 21, 2009). (rus).
13. Thirumal M., and ect. Halogen-free flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams: effect of allumina trihydrate and triphenylphosphate on the properties of polyurethane foams. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010. Vol. 116, No. 4. P. 2260-2268..
14. Tikhonov M.M. and oth. Obespechenie bezopasnosti ekspluatatsii kabel'nykh shakht grazhdanskikh zdaniy. Chrezvychayn. situatsii: preduprezhdenie i likvidatsiya. 2014. No. 2 (36). Pp. 46-57. (rus).
15. Belarus Standard 11.13.04–2009 The system of standards of fire safety. Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, portable. General specifications. Affirmed 01.09.2009. Minsk : Gostandart, 2009. 46 p. (rus).
16. Rancevaja ustanovka dlja podachi trudnogorjuchego penopoliuretana: pat. 10112 Resp. Belarus', A 62C 15/00 (2006.01), A 62C 31/12 (2006.01), B 05B 7/02 (2006.01), B 01F 5/18 (2006.01), B 01F 3/14 (2006.01) / M.M. Tihonov, V.V. Bogdanova, O.N. Buraja; zajavitel' gosudarstvennoe uchrezhdenie obrazovanija «Komandno-inzhenernyj institut» Ministerstva po chrezvychajnym situacijam Respubliki Belarus' u 20130873; zajavl. 30.10.2013; opubl. 30.06.2014. Aficyjny bjul. Nac. cjentr intjelektual. ulasnasci. 2014. No. 3 (98). Pp. 183. (rus).
17. Bogdanova V.V. and oth. Ognetushashchaya effektivnost' zhidkostnykh khimicheskikh sostavov pri tushenii pozharov klassa A raspylitel'nymi ustroystvami pozharotusheniya. Vestn. Komand.-inzhener. in-ta MChS Resp. Belarus'. 2008. No. 1. Pp. 35–41. (rus).
18. Tikhonov, M.M. Primenenie napyljaemogo zhestkogo trudnogorjuchego penopoliuretana dlja ogranichenija rasprostranenija pozhara po kabel'nym shahtam grazhdanskih zdanij. Cand. tech. sci. diss. Synopsis: 05.26.03. Tihonov Maksim Mihajlovich ; Komand.-inzhener. in-t MChS Resp. Belarus'. Minsk, 2014. 22 p. (rus).
19. Ivannikov V.P., Klyus P.P. Spravochnik rukovoditelya tusheniya pozhara [Directory of head of the fire fighting]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1987. 288 p. (rus).
20. Povzik Ya.S. Pozharnaya taktika: uchebnoe posobie [Firefighting tactics: a training manual]. Moscow, 1999. 402 p. (rus).